CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
Introduction
This
chapter describes the methodology used to identify the health problem as a
moderator of stress that lead to job performance among teachers in Sekolah
Menegah Kebangsaan Pasir Gudang 2, Johor Bahru. This section explains a)
research design, b) sampling frame, c) sampling technique, d) sample size, e)
population, f) data collection procedure, g) instruments, h) validity of
instruments, i) unit of analysis and j) plan of data analysis.
Study
Area
This
research was conducting among Sekolah Menegah Kebangsaan Pasir Gudang 2, Johor
Bahru. The school was a secondary education in Malaysia education system
whereby there had divided into two (2) phases. The first three (3) years the
student seats for a general education for their lower certification of
education. After seat for the examination, the school determine the students for
their performance in exam either they are Science Stream or An Art class with
teacher advice for two (2) years and again seat for the examination for
attempts the students place in education either they further their study in
level six (6), matriculation or diploma in universities. Hence, the teachers
consists a lots of teaching subject such as Bahasa Melayu, English, Mathematics
including Additional Mathematics, Science including Biology, Chemistry and
Physic, Pendidikan Islam and Pendidikan Jasmani & Kesihatan.
Research Design
The
study is using the appropriate research design which is qualitative study.
Qualitative study can be defined as to examine human behavior and the social,
cultural, and political contexts within which it occurs (Salkind, 2012).
According to the Salkind 2012 again, the qualitative study can used variety of
tools to indicate the results by interviews, historical methods, case studies,
and ethnography and it usually results qualitative in primary data. But, the
researcher was indicating half of the method design to interview a few teachers
for support the survey questions. These kind methods were called pre-dominantly
quantitative with qualitative data to support findings.
Therefore,
the study is engaged with pre-dominantly quantitative with qualitative data to
support the study in order to having a responds and feedback in sharing or
gives an opinion or suggestion to avoid the stress that occur in teachers
health and gives an impact through their job performance in Sekolah Menegah
Kebangsaan Pasir Gudang 2, Johor Bahru.
Sampling Frame
The
sampling frame or the respondents of this study are the teachers at Sekolah
Menegah Kebangsaan Pasir Gudang 2, Johor Bahru. The inclusion criteria include
the respondents who is a teacher and agrees to participate in this study during
the study was conducted.
Sampling Technique
The
study is using the convenience sampling as the suitable sampling approaches in
this study. Convenience sampling is “a non-probability design that
will use times to obtain some “quick” information to get a “feel” for the
phenomenon or variable of interest” (Sekaran and Bougie, 2013). According
to Salkind (2012), the convenience sampling is convenience and inexpensive. It
was supported by Marshall (1996) stated by this sampling was less expensive
time, effort and money) and also less strict.
Therefore,
this study will use questionnaires and interviews to support the results based
on the survey to achieving the teacher problem in job performance regarding the
stress that invites the health problems.
Sample Size
The sample size in this
study was determined to be 150. These numbers of
respondents met the criteria of sample size calculation by Salkind (2009), who
stated that the minimum sample size should be 30 and maximum are 500. It is
because a sampling should be big enough to answer the research question
accurately but not too big because the process sampling becomes inefficient and
abnormal.
Population
Salkind, 2009 stated that population is
the participants that agree to participate towards the study to generalize the
result of the studies. Therefore 150 respondents
will be to determine and the respondents of this study are the teachers in
Sekolah Menegah Kebangsaan Pasir Gudang 2, Johor Bahru. The populations of this
research must met the inclusion of 1) a teacher and 2) agree to participate.
Data
collecting procedure
The
adopted questionnaire will distribute to the teachers in SMKPG 2, Johor Bahru
as the respondents in this studies.
Instrument
The
questionnaires used were adapted from the previous study related to stress,
health problem and job performance with slightly modification to assure the
understanding of the local respondents.
Validity of Instruments
The validity of the instrument was
conducted to ensure its content validity. The content validity is necessary to
ensure that all items in the questionnaires are relevant to measure the outcome
(Salkind, 2012).
Units of Analysis
The
researcher used a set of questionnaire to distribute to the respondents and he
researcher used an interview towards a few teachers to support the findings in
survey and to gain some information about stress. The respondents were the
teacher from Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Pasir Gudang 2, Johor Bahru.
Plan
of Data Analysis
The data was analyzed using the
Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 software. The Table below
shows summary of the analysis that was conducting.
|
Research
Objectives
|
Concept/Construct
|
Research
Questions
|
Statistics
|
|
To
identify the factor that lead to the stress among teachers.
|
The factors will be
determine by indicators:
|
What are the
factors that the most lead to the teacher stress?
|
Descriptive
statistic, Frequency, Mean
|
|
To
determine the relationship between stress and health problem
|
Significant
relationship between stress and categories of health problem if p<0.05
|
What is the
relationship between level of stress and categories of health problem?
|
Spearman
|
|
To
explore the effect of stress in job performance among teachers.
|
Open-ended
question
|
How does stress
affect the job performance among teachers?
|
Coding
and Themes the answer
|
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